TeXes Science Practice Test

Which waves are the fastest seismic waves?

1. Surface waves

2. Secondary waves

3. Primary waves

4. Tertiary waves

The correct answer is: Primary waves

Primary waves, also known as P-waves, are the fastest seismic waves. They are a type of longitudinal wave, which means they travel by compressing and expanding the material through which they move. These waves can travel through solids, liquids, and gases, making them the first waves detected by seismographs during an earthquake. Their speed is significantly greater than that of secondary waves and surface waves, which generally follow after P-waves. This distinction in speed is crucial in seismology because it allows scientists to determine the location and magnitude of an earthquake based on the time interval between the arrival of the primary waves and secondary or surface waves at a monitoring station. Understanding the characteristics of these waves enhances our comprehension of seismic events and aids in preparedness and response efforts.