TeXes Science Practice Test

Which of the following is a major factor that balances population growth?

1. Natural disasters

2. Economic development

3. Migration

4. Disease

The correct answer is: Disease

Disease serves as a significant factor that balances population growth due to its impact on mortality rates. When disease outbreaks occur, they can lead to increased death rates within a population, which helps regulate and control the size of the population. This natural form of population regulation can act quickly and significantly, especially in cases of pandemics or widespread infectious diseases, ultimately affecting demographic patterns. While other factors also influence population dynamics, they typically do not have the same direct and immediate impact on mortality. For example, natural disasters can cause significant loss of life, but their occurrence may not be as frequent or widespread as disease outbreaks. Economic development may facilitate better healthcare and resources, potentially improving population health rather than balancing growth. Migration, whether into or out of a population, alters demographics but does not directly address the mortality aspect as disease does. Therefore, disease stands out as a key factor in balancing population growth through its direct effect on death rates.